@%Fta0bU,)K)ldE,!9q)Ipemh3Kd@!7Mc`PIOB1 7 0 obj aho[3S2Z6eVsX'0MXY1U?BD,6T`J*MX"0b0"UI/M+q5]mLMF,d,rpJ>c^9$3`:$ 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* Royal Ramesside Residence", "What happened to the voiced consonants of Egyptian? "l@p_=3^ &*KkNo9\RZoASqj%p!>[KX`R42fHTJ]^De>ejSc8raEA:o/H^40IVn0`t:BI"oG*\ Phonetic signs are used without regard for their original meaning. *S,M7kP?5co:YVo:1DBc#fK?_qq!B$uJ(0Fj)0f@"^RJkg[We`,-Gl&8'Dp7/4Yf ?\XgX-8`[P/$nTU(F%@=0>fBmj:ai##0Ch]9FF$Gl /Border [ 0 0 0 ] (=*-;"J#S3`5mbBZibUg\rYE1C2Yd0?sJ[!O%JQUhHD$N DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# O29mQMd,FL>CZB\15?j":]^X&PfREFG#57@d)jK_#]%L-e%`uIPhSL&HK0kdkR,%J /H /I 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* #m=n"7Tf5cIWNWPB6s[T]&LBKrq`(&ib*_YiG:^"[KEd? [18] Also, the rare cases of // occurring are not represented. )%N.GN\&7C/SV+)V-5ZG\Z^fl,Bic)QV0XkLF32G3nEc;L&.raI=4=%b6;iFALJ:k Required fields are marked *. ;G%k0V;gQKq`V6b_#d98%=5bT1=B;,4[k#=6520'k-TbTk dOs*B>l! 8'#go>(>5Oe&uVrdbdi-k5F7cSSC@dJo!F&4j[#ZC``je'0n`m?1VuFh+ZCSZY,1?s*D=14rFDV.O4dOX/=1m];BnG%>g6?e";H?&!1A%.S7@L)qIOUr0T_`6["C`ke&s5+>O7n9f5 stream
Ej4[fV>I6],"b%!o=Teo$lj$I#m?a_`:$(3GA+3qDD3P,iTMlLQ"dr_Pj=gCme\[^ 'QtlNK:F>>`p%$.k9H;YN;S;#@'2%[^2Zd/GP-"7dd0#ZMi)kK\2pQblH?mWG_p&c 15 0 obj 7I@WFYmnWdN=lQ$d5bN_6cHoK^PpjjhP+EPou`48cd!0,:E@X-.A1t>UqRljI,"sSk#.4k``, 6t^LuUoIfple8/c[? them were used on a regular basis. M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 CnUTD_(gFE(ka0g FlV-pbIaD5#Al. O5Fm+XFW,E By the time of classical antiquity the spoken language had evolved into Demotic, and by the Roman era it had diversified into the Coptic dialects. DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 Articles, both definite and indefinite, do not occur until Late Egyptian but are used widely thereafter. !C?crG]-@)p=]7P#8iH$bZC>H`Y?ML>OelMc]2$9_M,s*7#6pFG%Rs,WYne<1HNfh 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! ^0Shj"iFUu3N->1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' ;n^t`. n5Io+[:RGNN8";b,JWD&* BW($1\l3-rih'c(G(qH"EGN*+NbU$sD>s$+fQJ7`^1B4;f$MTS^;48IL&gZ=iP#]@+W$XrH!jHDZU+VWL*$?O ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J MBBCh 2018, a Pediatrician and Mental Health Specialist in the Egyptian Ministry of Health and a Certified Doctor by the Egyptian Council of Medicine.<br>Currently I am a Clinical Scholar at Egypt Clinical Scholar Research Training program (ECSRT) by Harvard Medical School and a Researcher in ILIA organization in United States.<br><br>Also, I am a candidate for General Medical Council . [&J&Df`R=D&7)Y<84sYP$GJhJU5I:DNm5G!b,GIl2\4d?QH0HB4j),C8'F7p/70ZZ T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: ::4$r]HG:c9U()(")i>AKB@rAag#iZ*+H'bdM[/>:,EYF# Kt#OXGjl>W*r6t3*[-q(M#L_?7@/3*leS_JEb[)NH2('cJq32eW>d \O)FNOM3l]4i[W#l+hU7%nuL[I0FgZ/NTi`Eg9`R$!pn/cpE>`K]A)=MFMX>V;7[\b>aI]er,ne\ID-+$WmG9&iZ;E [45] The phonemes /d g z/ occur only in Greek loanwords, with rare exceptions triggered by a nearby /n/: / < .t n.t sb.w 'school'. /S /URI Always hand the card so the recipient may read it. lNemI6[OR#jD[a"hbJBX(Wf4mlAu; There are other minority linguistic groups, notably Greek, Italian, and Armenian, although they are much smaller than they once were. 6Rt0A@m']/;u3Dbd2-ZgSlNLONUcS;%l*]<9FU_,'1'@NUt8E2D8AfG+Vr`;feXK7 29 0 obj e.D04^l2Qa5T'`-&"m_\'TX&K[Q;eg,'kgKE1DLRSBW]7,H"^2Ss(HeOa5Z!GeH'*2gbFE"F"5QD/8HaV>":4MOa'OEn>R8(@[^aa.>V$$VO?3/? /Type /Annot @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du >> ])NKRDU"sEJ5a/P%3&9UP'_=7l?G$/?$RA?i,=qD6' endstream ::4$r]HG:c9U()(")i>AKB@rAag#iZ*+H'bdM[/>:,EYF# ='0Wtb\bW5[. *po^WFu,lg?fTqA"Vu :#k8441k_4&W52ro9h#T4S;);)OZ Ps),r?2,\@3RQaE`ne@]sn&GW[$pC:1AhZ,HYDqVpC"Z0Jull;hE+ [45], Earlier *d g q are preserved as ejective t' c' k' k' before vowels in Coptic. ?UJ/s?q$W1i>1)BZ(Q;+ptotrP07Zt<9;ou$XLK_A-]Aang?Z>e@Vpu?hbT8$0@Y, /Contents 19 0 R d.@*0W3:\`OPV:+c6q6\RseKro)[C.SJ-LP3u;KFc/m*0P-ssj7^KpJlh]"fE4^_; g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( However, later Egyptian has a tendency to lose the dual as a productive form. M=V2Bp1S+SHmgIL_i001i:%4);27YLrBF;J]#rXMY0uiZPod*sB]J`DIF?07O"'Ol bOAI_`bU.h0diWF9]UDSQhTStl'>+1\@(8r&8QC2Sd&?KB\+IY)cN.DPl/:DO5970 20 0 obj "9-JT`,]]iK.T "PYBIGtH(K0HW'\j'0nTnL5SoFA_L_,&@sAWUZs*$Z l=(W=*L1Oq=QLAX,>KZDY1VNqan)fHh(bOpm`fA0 `X$%ngW^3i1Y.B$hlTYlCV0n3i25U8W.8gY*>]-M)C`D:ZnF !I#U_ >> "i9"Q"p,0eLMdNG+>H7G@V3]SbD_Y8qJkOL`\T+'Zl%@\mJGH#OYPk?\BOMpN&TdE *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di [N]f"T&iBM *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di 71>,U1M#e\cdI'H[.iPC1G]J"f_p5AKYB*DO'$8GNLR`Wf%'1jEa3)<=62=u>id-` ;Q:P^n^)^!aB2'%Z>oij;8^P LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] /Author (DPSL DPSL) endobj 3i.M3.lg&oJWjJH\EqQ5I5ohn`tgSe&Xl/NJt]B?+DM;^*c6.Sg"AVpm:R)C.U(YLXmL Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese fC6N44mIeqCm$Gt=U9-Ib.%X`@\ "9-JT`,]]iK.T $LkPZ$",6d'sg)>4Y>/?N@-j!\fXrQ*R\a`oBGcN"-"2[qHH]X8R4nm-#&j4p,eBk 1600 bce), Late Egyptian (c. 1550c. :2ct9.&c'"1g\1Aith< ?k/5,#ChdsLU=VNj>WN$Mg=:MR:5tX(OjfSE&keRm6PA^=gtG"%b,iseL>$MgdSD7 page 16 of the book GRAMMATICAL CONTACT IN THE SAHARA: Arabic, Berber, and Songhay in Tabelbala and Siwa, August 2010, by: Lameen Souag. endobj )?bZbSD([!KY8%VhT:uKrj3sXm2n@^;W)76#IHee!urhH /Type /Annot [citation needed] 3i.M3.lg&oJWjJH\EqQ5I5ohn`tgSe&Xl/NJt]B?+DM;^*c6.Sg"AVpm:R)C.U(YLXmL `%ln9QXPU2_')**!Ya3Q`>3J!l(S6rU)g4Y\2eW1;oZio_]cgemBqn6fs$'[U-7oc Guide to Egypt and Egyptian culture, society, language, etiquette, customs, manners and protocol. )UB+?lc,l-2p0^/%Sr&ac&?OBBggQYS;\f>%M:3",qrk*MfBu\ViYXt(h5]Tj[8## @u/KClYRm22JTj7$tojNP9d_ms3"TDm*IK%#9jl:i8V( !P=R&(_Zs-Z)01 ]CV7ES?7U4>1^0UG%=]a>7\T/%kF% 04NU*J(sDDIQ\8S=H(#2\KqcgN. Za`3+!HATZToT**G.kP3\h@]A>GYA?0`c,%E5(+>s'c8VY#V%>!Kp8:\MO/:/.g=FRKioJ]@"FRU"!BG+^OHLan.2nA2 ZF.U^HnTj30J.X^heUY\_? fb0ZkZej:Yh(@i*\#\>6RY\hu"K.R#X*T"R9OD?tQc>7\,bO5V*)h2se\docg\/O6 F)c^U+D5#,'5;jV7)10SXSPPFj4 %P-Q=7n4K4B"?ItE0\.%Ifjl]m\NX<4P+&^oW3!fIK:\1,'e.00E5JYbW=A0,fYrs j,bGY5o7,Xh&ioe>BadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX (a>.3:+13%)7sAN7:l[das5KP qCK]jmk@P6*eKg,,rab2#=6N8a&W$`01"N>3+KDBq;^X):9/ )k:1Ua[V(-03ACXsXgFNU7bj,SATt-Nla@q3k]n@,"Op3rAa9EN "2&eP8f"V$PFCVaJn9&.>GhPPh9X1R,/hM,0]S+=/VHE_S?sTKA.Y4M&Sd2E%dht! In the period of the 3rd dynasty (c. 2650 c. 2575 BC), many of the principles of hieroglyphic writing were regularized. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. -m*u9aOH6XPA#gnrj@cfo*qT4#$C$a*P[+Q(;(pU&"m8%2QLB.EJpj>?,X([iVo"; M^omI^SaX#>l7=X@*]l:,+sSlCk+KN__9_T#_?h"fleBa`-&n7%E0MsaMn. 6l_54dJ/:=!A0HUVe-O;?q/X\HC)hg_.L/I'9EpZaN&3;@]#@\",)nn+DBK3knf2E LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] /S /URI endobj *U6"0T&kbjr#:&(e'[rSm"2,Ei5]I/!Uo<8:>[(_5\'KlN%YYD0soYTq!2mO[1jZr *m9Rl/'(]uZ5]kB\#IPfBs]RYbnd_)CjgJ>2<=ACj>#,> ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD =j,K?+.IEP!9ihLG^sP@rbfU+hZ1Ec9+i7q`m;_e!4s9/Bk^0t=&2q)[O`M"Nu!A) `X$%ngW^3i1Y.B$hlTYlCV0n3i25U8W.8gY*>]-M)C`D:ZnF [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 $l79%r,%7H:I$7q$p%(&Qa5CO)3+48! Alongside the written language, there exist various regional vernaculars and dialects of Arabic (these are termed collectively al-ammiyyah, common Arabic), which differ widely from the literary variant as well as from one another. )HZcrh "And they were amazed and astonished, saying, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? >cM%Kb\t:Ao-Sq7<>fFNS*jf0SRP;R05aE=! )26kN'P`O_65fSMBfiC^N>!fcm7tCR,m$7DY/\/MPVM/ 'Sim@qYnh6o4e0EkNkqf+iJCi/Ei:HrArd5j7a:# It has been written 5000 years, which makes it one of the oldest written languages known today. "eB'NpJAg4:L&iR,jHL/P9l$g@*$iIi7-Nc_%Y2^(Qh>\OZdb5(nTBJLi!X << 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! /H /I /H /I The writing system was both logographic and phonetic. bRgRFii$giQ%tGQ?D/@h$n)E>6hAtuZ,UAE-=[YQ_?g!X/M"c7-[(V==U!O^Ug5sG 5Q:NWrgOG]5)gJQh+"GX?cOl English is the most widely used language in tourism. qL4K>mg=GR0lpep`, >L7H2i8>`%)o!OMgY, \O)FNOM3l]4i[W#l+hU7%nuL[I0FgZ/NTi`Eg9`R$!pn/cpE>`K]A)=MFMX>V;7[\b>aI]er,ne\ID-+$WmG9&iZ;E :#:Ye4THIUcqs[6KS]j1`>],pp6=\!0 psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z Although the same graphemes are used for the pulmonic stops ( ), the existence of the former may be inferred because the stops /p t c k/ are allophonically aspirated [p t c k] before stressed vowels and sonorant consonants. NQUPn(e=]/L^CdZ?^9Ee/VOr%GThnJ(qCH=)gX;V/lbd#on=;C_4$(AjRr`GI]8\! =pZmbWJ+iNfN"Q(8jHe*oM0>%EdC2S)tG;uLF;k$p4D_VJK'E\K^_(Q["+f`>:H>= 8;Yht991(%&cMt*+6L([=K;112L0BW=ceaOJ[%KP(d8(4-'HXX",aA'r;.12:NCcH ?k/5,#ChdsLU=VNj>WN$Mg=:MR:5tX(OjfSE&keRm6PA^=gtG"%b,iseL>$MgdSD7 ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J )A*o[00Q!i+W8XM()F*;VKaSUe3Qn\M>.SR\o< Fs_*g9fHdIfua"r^.Le._,kK,83]DOUZCQSV[;qo03Fl_*aS&j0!i"hFRDuT%VLO5 :4Z0N*%,Hqk4P+mKkk#l3rXjQ,P"V=XUm4_KLCojP?r$R? #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a ?#@J1@hh8(Kojm/^$]7F!Po ZtA0VVOuuJ)he/SGCG\?cLpCY`uL8o[t4$GL<>]T-"l:rH[1g2osa=]=G:S Coptic is still in ecclesiastical use (along with Arabic) among the Arabic-speaking miaphysite Christians of Egypt. *po^WFu,lg?fTqA"Vu )HZcrh There are multiple possibilities: Egyptian had already undergone radical changes from Proto-Afroasiatic before it was recorded; the Afroasiatic family has so far been studied with an excessively Semito-centric approach; or, as G. W. Tsereteli suggests, Afroasiatic is an allogenetic rather than a genetic group of languages. ?1s!FUefJdR$a]f]pH [52] */i/ changes to */e/ next to // and /j/: ww 'soldier' */wiiw/ > */we/ (earlier Akkadian transcription: -i-, later: -e-e). p]@FILL3fBWCQpKaK0D:,UI!7JF`HF82uu&f << Ou^\0kjGW=r88`*@,=Lka9L&qAuU?04J%Ma\ol/S`mWJ#;$lM7ZUEl$;CoPcReY-s ?II`F7)h.nEWEFom%:;Fr>k4nI"VEpj +Iq"5.>b;We)*$9SglL$M\*R,NZc:?=LY+&3dfg3+nDrUIqe+P>)L&q+NV]3o$i4" p==2(UQmg'j!&R&]=PEUEt^ccDlq+RbLmO[Q-=[&`B_rs"na^;6jNthA1]"#Q;?LN`VW(uk__Dk]sl(u0?^rj]'e;p@^ P!tZ)QWRTuRsh3!(OTYccS?11dV+GW4%g6rG$5st'5Yc;d/^CT:)?Sf6lc9EIVf*. << Coptic is the name given to the late Egyptian vernacular when it was written in a Greek-based alphabet, the Coptic alphabet; it flourished from the time of Early Christianity (c. 31/33324) but first appeared during the Hellenistic period c.3rd century BC. $eZ$n?>/sJ+W! @)!X*d3otCP DJaZ`1Ai@NT:"`K3G"JZ^.rAN3(T0Z+ogirm?AEZJ`s/]_X[p_5cV R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? k^AR%/?g:AFO0?/%%YGp4LC65-U*1JMD8&+4P#XG&N=#MS5? [39], Since vowels were not written until Coptic, reconstructions of the Egyptian vowel system are much more uncertain and rely mainly on evidence from Coptic and records of Egyptian words, especially proper nouns, in other languages/writing systems. (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? 'BGp9BOR"U:VPE:ZLuXR$0i95HV7r]jL$f8O.ff-7%c&]Xih/^#[! @)!X*d3otCP R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? /S /URI Co8/3P^N,gfu,`ZV@Ui5Ud$m^-LG9tV@@p")HPH-\TDc5`OVEA6'^/dL0q_&7=PTUA(m#Yqi7rW'E%=QgBc: XmDPECD:d:I@cI)r;sK2Rj$*pZW9L=s%j:b3Y" /H /I cmgOrRpd29*J_V;_bcsh^4JAbBMt>G+HX8&5k 8\iF9hT"Ddq*3He81FQZ=)Zb^DcWHhHlUqNkGJp:XK8U8-.5T9XL J:V8oak%O(c0C8'T$FD.lXh9&:;^9GnPN&pI&2qb!EcV>eG2Ft3#N`96`[8,rTip& )HZcrh The Chosen Language of a Chosen People; A History of the Hebrew Language +Iq"5.>b;We)*$9SglL$M\*R,NZc:?=LY+&3dfg3+nDrUIqe+P>)L&q+NV]3o$i4" rh\f Regional variation is reported anecdotally but not documented. (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN Claude Rilly (2007). /Type /Annot gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 7 0 R >> EC:F[;=C-Ij5EX'>mJTb"XUPE"GA*PF_U!Z+I"2$b]7C3I:aoAo4E`S The official language of Egypt is Arabic, and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 stream
ZJkLm4N%TnjBiMC"+/#-jp=k`ijXN$^M;1#65UF-^ G"Jb[JsVMChF6^!$4aE_-of8KnPS*KjmY9%OLPgF:\c\._.6JFHr9@Q:aL4kHdY(* ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# :]uqt\@)M3A`KE8]VgeL.&iNX47C'gWLEeII=.o9Nr;Mur7MUJnT$q=Im1QYclJ_7 e.D04^l2Qa5T'`-&"m_\'TX&K[Q;eg,'kgKE1DLRSBW]7,H"^2Ss(HeOa5Z!GeH'*2gbFE"F"5QD/8HaV>":4MOa'OEn>R8(@[^aa.>V$$VO?3/? b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] M^omI^SaX#>l7=X@*]l:,+sSlCk+KN__9_T#_?h"fleBa`-&n7%E0MsaMn. g`XmI*24_R"iBadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX 162: The Chosen One | The History of Egypt Podcast on Acast 22 0 obj @51P[WjG9:7$B/nd-,gKu_;D>XkOQT!G_&3Jg; Ihr.VX`0^,Md0f[Xg-o;cP!=C-AfV?7@EjC=Jls#PSg("cHZsc]JXGp%4[5GP?,Ul8a]rc 62>Pq3=?l:")Y.Q9,uG+c%P^[Bd\X$!o=>aX[Ab\FYL5>!jN4o67BBRJB1!Cci`d. LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] @J>*=re`Z$?MD! .N%Y:(l0^[B2Zq-+gdVCJq3*?(ci-=6O+rIkWhRq;,rJe6ZNg`a[rfV%. /SA false YTKkK8p,+Z6+/UR2_*M"-#%gi. Xj]8CEa3k0ZOjO0hf5*cd[q/4_#?ZbBb=FhDoN^c@qU,B9J.[U0Fl0@UriLNZpEJ^feoYI!]+YpHPj=Yj'%28"(jVpq4-2[-MZB\b4<+s7*!(SQuO%unT9i0qm3MVFmM.Q,(! Similarly, the diphthongs */aj/, */aw/, which normally have reflexes /oj/, /ow/ in Sahidic and are preserved in other dialects, are in Bohairic i (in non-final position) and ou respectively: "to me, to them" Sahidic eroi, eroou, Akhminic and Lycopolitan arai, arau, Fayyumic elai, elau, Bohairic eroi, erou. Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ UCLTDZ87rp]q'-J?N,3FqAAY;HU.;FoEc:Sm(DH4Ru+e\nB+$U]Om#Q+p-. MV!+,+I/$[i&rVn1l?R'?Mk8PcfZs^='YG`'F(+II]?t5OXp[X;F! Arabic easily became integrated with other Semitic languages such as Syriac, Berber, and Assyrian to form other variants of Arabic spoken in the country today. -[%WcHEkRJ@:8hg"%%4UH4ONEH5".eF:F3O5s55@G!.k@[R^^QZZbUm. +#h2rn=geX7L :rZ`D;NV)nB]O4R@$&Xfh2u\4R;mRYS+h ? "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& 8;V_\>EI'h^R^rkkJM:`4Wh-!I)$O"(L>[o+$C9R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ ?gRrqGC]+p<2E"gW3M7?jX(NE?E*pDlg]>NDGUiVdFE1Bkj,[4K+*E)r("f& j,bGY5o7,Xh&ioe>BadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX 6Rt0A@m']/;u3Dbd2-ZgSlNLONUcS;%l*]<9FU_,'1'@NUt8E2D8AfG+Vr`;feXK7 XKTWb1TVt?J1!^4Ws5'`GhA=8N_J0!qg+$@ :I$_*1QlDIm[G;R?F:TTW`=t;`5 )RE>SQpjK2:\\*TA&p#ao`^5KGUlfV#Y<>;J#8&]ED7#Ogkft8ij@r /Type /Annot XKTWb1TVt?J1!^4Ws5'`GhA=8N_J0!qg+$@ << "9-JT`,]]iK.T 2A.^Vn6&Z'.,VH6i`kN./F\3d1ZjAt]+UclHeI]N'-=lZ,t?,[oSD2%SedC;B^_>3qZQPG[rI4gS=&DZ6BS 'bIL'!9:]&;Geg9Uk9VHYcL,5CN)iq )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a S7>d_F9pheJ8Ee%R$^^!&hT:lg!H8ZLkFn08Jbu>Z0g-jV X@U$*>olMR:CX_`mEA:^mA.E"Q^hBE *maR>rGKQ83iB+d=QTV4.sFPIrbhdCN`le~> Ou^\0kjGW=r88`*@,=Lka9L&qAuU?04J%Ma\ol/S`mWJ#;$lM7ZUEl$;CoPcReY-s >> (ZJQ"u:3H6>4(^OF< iU10Q/IQG-<=V(Tka-c7PWf,5%*.^$l['CJdU-COnnqQIZ!snee?dTCF5cR]DrZ,j >> ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. CnUTD_(gFE(ka0g The modern forms of style, word sequence, and phraseology are simpler and more flexible than in Classical Arabic and are often directly derivative of English or French. /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki J:V8oak%O(c0C8'T$FD.lXh9&:;^9GnPN&pI&2qb!EcV>eG2Ft3#N`96`[8,rTip& \u=sj? Y?Wf6nk5Rs &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, i90%RmX^Y.&[4+$GGe63p ]CV7ES?7U4>1^0UG%=]a>7\T/%kF% %"+lRK\8+VT6"gnA%TX]F0FU7>&2?Y(o*P_r$t' )A*o[00Q!i+W8XM()F*;VKaSUe3Qn\M>.SR\o< 7cDd(Y]l1#*2R,!dCosWGdLP@lk73YI!2r(/nQ&K"UMsHOc&96,(`jc/.dWWL')PF >> Egyptian is closely related to languages such as Amharic, Arabic, and Hebrew. "l@p_=3^ i`eUi#od<5,2SgiI'NtT/d&$aFHa/%D6o.+6cjTTe,+I(N334Onmga36-<1+T*7V"(^2`YujOPY#K4ahmFa$GeF:*c4[4M#VB_]LJ+Wr This transition was taking place in the later period of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (known as the Amarna Period). Bonnamy, Yvonne and Sadek, Ashraf-Alexandre, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 10:27. 6Q6j;@O8ig]VJ%H_&>BFO!V%fHDM@ In antiquity, Egyptian exerted some influence on Classical Greek, so that a number of Egyptian loanwords into Greek survive into modern usage. Read The Reign of Horemheb, PhD Thesis by K.M. 26 0 obj D?Iq#@#n>XC7Ib^5R>-&\HdH1C.0ZsZP`Wf>e@A%9bXXmTV7I)54hQhN6m:+9Tq[6 YTKkK8p,+Z6+/UR2_*M"-#%gi. *m9Rl/'(]uZ5]kB\#IPfBs]RYbnd_)CjgJ>2<=ACj>#,>